Aluminiyamu ndi paliponse pomwe pamafunika mawonekedwe opepuka kapena matenthedwe apamwamba ndi magetsi. sportbike wamba amakhala ndi aluminiyamu silinda block, mutu, ndi crankcases, kuphatikizapo welded aluminiyamu chassis ndi swingarm. Mkati mwa injini, ntchito yofunika kwambiri ya aluminiyamu ndi ma pistoni ake, omwe poyendetsa bwino kutentha amatha kukhala ndi moyo pakutentha kwambiri kuposa momwe amasungunuka. Mawilo, zoziziritsa kukhosi ndi ma radiators amafuta, zotchingira m'manja ndi mabulaketi awo, pamwamba ndi (nthawi zambiri) akorona apansi a foloko, machubu a foloko apamwamba (mu mafoloko a USD), ma brake calipers, ndi masilindala apamwamba nawonso ndi aluminiyamu.

Tonse takhala tikuyang'ana mosirira chassis ya aluminiyamu yomwe ma welds ake amafanana ndi mulu wa tchipisi tapoker. Zina mwa ma chassis ndi swingarms, monga za Aprilia's two-stroke 250 racers, ndi ntchito zaluso zaluso.

Aluminiyamu imatha kuphatikizidwa ndikutenthedwa kuti ikhale yolimba kuposa chitsulo chofewa (60,000 psi tensile), komabe makina ambiri a alloy mwachangu komanso mosavuta. Aluminiyamu imathanso kuponyedwa, kupangidwa, kapena kutulutsa (momwe ndi momwe matabwa ena akumbali a chassis amapangidwira). Kutentha kwakukulu kwa aluminiyamu kumapangitsa kuwotcherera kwake kumafunika amperage, ndipo zitsulo zotentha ziyenera kutetezedwa ku mpweya wa mumlengalenga ndi chitetezo cha inert-gas (TIG kapena heli-arc).

Ngakhale kuti aluminiyamu imafuna magetsi ochuluka kuti apambane kuchokera ku miyala yamtengo wapatali ya bauxite, ikakhalapo mu mawonekedwe achitsulo, imawononga ndalama zochepa kuti ibwezeretsedwe ndipo siwonongeka ndi dzimbiri, monga momwe chitsulo chingakhalire.

Oyamba kupanga injini zanjinga zamoto mwamsanga anatenga zitsulo zatsopano zopangira ma crankcase, zomwe zikanakhala kuti zinali zachitsulo chonyezimira cholemera pafupifupi katatu. Aluminiyamu yoyera ndi yofewa kwambiri - ndimakumbukira mkwiyo wa amayi anga chifukwa chogwiritsa ntchito boiler yawo ya 1,100-aloyi ngati msampha wa BB: Pansi pake panakhala ma dimples ambiri.

Kuwonjezeka kwa mphamvu ya aloyi wosavuta ndi mkuwa kunapezeka posakhalitsa, ndipo inali aloyi yomwe mpainiya wa galimoto WO Bentley anagwiritsira ntchito pistoni yake yoyesera ya aluminiyamu isanayambe Nkhondo Yadziko I. Poyesa kumbuyo ndi kumbuyo motsutsana ndi ma pistoni achitsulo omwe anali olamulira, ma pistoni a aluminium a Bentley omwe amayesa koyamba nthawi yomweyo adawonjezera mphamvu. Zinali zoziziritsa kukhosi, zimatenthetsa mpweya wosakanikirana wamafuta omwe ukubwerawo, ndikusunga kuchuluka kwake. Masiku ano, ma pistoni a aluminiyamu amagwiritsidwa ntchito padziko lonse lapansi mu injini zamagalimoto ndi zamoto.

Mpaka kubwera kwa ndege ya Boeing's carbon-fiber reinforced-plastic 787, chinali chowonadi cha ndege kuti pafupifupi zolemera zopanda kanthu za ndege iliyonse zinali 60 peresenti ya aluminiyamu. Kuyang'ana kulemera kwake ndi mphamvu za aluminiyamu ndi chitsulo, izi poyamba zikuwoneka zosamvetseka. Inde, aluminiyumu amalemera 35 peresenti yokha monga zitsulo, voliyumu ya voliyumu, koma zitsulo zamphamvu kwambiri zimakhala zolimba katatu kuposa ma aluminiyumu amphamvu kwambiri. Bwanji osapanga ndege ndi zitsulo zopyapyala?

Zinafika pakukana kumangidwa kwa zida zofanana za aluminiyamu ndi chitsulo. Ngati tiyamba ndi machubu a aluminiyamu ndi zitsulo zolemera mofanana pa phazi, ndipo timachepetsa makulidwe a khoma, chubu chachitsulo chimamangirira poyamba chifukwa chakuti zinthu zake, pokhala gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu a aluminiyumu, zimakhala ndi mphamvu zochepa zodzilimbitsa.

M’zaka za m’ma 1970, ndinagwira ntchito ndi Frank Camillieri womanga mafelemu. Nditamufunsa chifukwa chomwe sitinagwiritse ntchito machubu achitsulo okulirapo a khoma locheperako kupanga mafelemu opepuka, olimba, iye anati, “Ukatero, upeza kuti uyenera kuwonjezera zinthu zambiri kuzinthu ngati zoyika injini. zitetezeni kuti zisang'ambe, kuti kuchepetsa kulemera kutha."

Kawasaki adatengera koyamba ma swingarms a aluminiyamu panjinga zake za fakitale MX koyambirira kwa 1970s; enawo adatengera chitsanzo. Kenako mu 1980, Yamaha adayika Kenny Roberts panjinga ya GP yokhala ndi sitiroko ziwiri ya 500 yomwe chimango chake chidapangidwa kuchokera ku chubu cha aluminiyamu chowonjezera. Kuyesera kamangidwe kambiri kunali kofunikira, koma pamapeto pake, pogwiritsa ntchito malingaliro a injiniya waku Spain Antonio Cobas, mafelemu a GP a Yamaha's GP adasintha kukhala mapasa akulu akulu amapasa a aluminiyamu masiku ano.

Zowonadi pali ma chassis opambana amitundu ina-Ducati's steel-tube "trellis" imodzi, ndi "khungu ndi mafupa" a John Britten a carbon-fiber chassis koyambirira kwa 1990s. Koma mapasa a aluminium beam chassis akhala akuchulukira masiku ano. Ndili ndi chidaliro kuti chassis yogwira ntchito itha kupangidwa ndi plywood, bola itakhala ndi ma bolting okhazikika komanso geometry yotsimikizika yokhazikika.

Kusiyanitsa kwina kwakukulu pakati pa zitsulo ndi aluminiyamu ndi chakuti chitsulo chimakhala ndi zomwe zimatchedwa malire otopa: mlingo wopanikizika wogwirira ntchito pansi womwe moyo wa gawolo umakhala wopanda malire. Mafuta ambiri a aluminiyamu alibe malire otopa, ndichifukwa chake ma airframe a aluminiyamu amakhala "amoyo" pakugwiritsa ntchito maola angapo. Pansi pa malire awa, chitsulo chimatikhululukira zolakwa zathu, koma aluminiyumu amakumbukira zonyansa zonse mwa mawonekedwe a kuwonongeka kwa kutopa kwamkati kosaoneka.

Kukongola kwa GP chassis m'zaka za m'ma 1990 sikukanakhala maziko opangira anthu ambiri. Chassis imeneyo inali ndi zidutswa zowokeredwa pamodzi kuchokera kumakina, opanikizidwa, ndi ma aluminiyamu. Sikuti ndizovuta, komanso zimafuna kuti ma alloys onse atatu azikhala ogwirizana. Kuwotcherera kumawononga ndalama komanso nthawi, ngakhale kumapangidwa ndi maloboti opanga.

Ukadaulo womwe wapangitsa injini zamasiku ano zopepuka zokhala ndi sitiroko zinayi ndi chassis kukhala chotheka ndi njira zochepetsera nkhungu zomwe sizimalowetsa mafilimu a aluminium oxide omwe amapangidwa nthawi yomweyo pa aluminiyamu yosungunuka. Mafilimu oterowo amapanga madera ofooka muzitsulo zomwe, m'mbuyomu, zimafuna kuti ma castings akhale okhuthala kwambiri kuti apeze mphamvu zokwanira. Zida zoponyera kuchokera kuzinthu zatsopanozi zitha kukhala zovuta kwambiri, komabe ma chassis amakono a aluminiyamu amatha kuphatikizidwa ndi ma welds owerengeka pa dzanja limodzi. Akuti njira zatsopano zoponyamo zimapulumutsa mapaundi 30 kapena kupitilira apo mu njinga zamoto zopanga.

Pamodzi ndi zitsulo zosiyanasiyana, aluminiyamu ndi gawo lofunikira pa chitukuko cha anthu, koma ndizoposa pa njinga zamoto zamakono. Ndi nyama yanjinga, yopezeka paliponse kotero kuti sitimayiwona kapena kuvomereza kuchuluka kwa momwe makinawo amagwirira ntchito.